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Grade Point Average (GPA)

Understanding GPA in Higher Education

The Grade Point Average (GPA) is a numerical representation of a student’s academic performance, calculated by averaging the grades earned across all courses. It is widely used to determine academic standing, honors eligibility, and financial aid status.

Glossary Terms
Term
Description
GPA (Grade Point Average)

A weighted average that reflects a student’s overall academic performance.

Cumulative GPA

The average of all grades earned across multiple terms.

Semester GPA

The GPA calculated for a specific academic term.

GPA Scale

The numeric range (e.g., 0–4.0) used to convert letter grades into GPA.

Weighted GPA

A GPA that gives additional weight to honors, AP, or advanced-level courses.

Minimum GPA Requirement

The lowest GPA a student must maintain to remain in good academic standing.

Evolving GPA Policies

Some institutions are adopting competency-based transcripts and alternative grading models. GPA calculations are also being linked to automated alerts and student success dashboards.